Decarburization of iron and forging experiments
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About This Video:
I took a brittle, excessive carbon/iron alloy (forged iron) produced from native ore and used a decarburization technique to cut back it is carbon content material making it malleable and solid it flat by hammering.
Fairly than producing a single bloom of soppy iron in my furnaces, as was completed in most of historical past, I have a tendency to supply forged iron prills from the ore. Forged iron is iron that has a really excessive carbon content material. Its good properties are that it’s totally laborious and has a low melting level. The downside is that it is comparatively brittle in comparison with common iron. So I set about looking for a technique for lowering its carbon content material.
On this video I smelted native ore (iron micro organism) and obtained forged iron prills. I then tried melting it in a small crucible to acquire a stable ingot to start the experiment. This gave a poor outcome although with an incomplete soften.
Subsequent I attempted rusting the prills first with the intent of making iron oxide (rust ) within the iron in order that the subsequent soften would mix the supplies in an exothermic response that might burn the carbon out. Previously, rusty iron was added to forged iron to decarburize it (moist puddling/pig boiling). However this additionally gave poor outcomes.
Lastly, I did away with the mildew and easily melted the iron prills by dropping them into the forge in entrance of the new air blast of the forge. The reasoning was that the excessive oxygen would burn out the carbon from the steel. This triggered them to soften collectively to kind an ingot. After a couple of makes an attempt I took one of many ingots and hammered it whereas nonetheless white to yellow sizzling and hammered it with a stone. The ingot was capable of be flattened because it had develop into malleable. This was the outcome I wished.
This technique of decarburization (melting forged iron in a open fireplace to make it malleable) was used all through historical past at totally different occasions. In historic China it was often known as “stir fried metal/ 炒钢” and within the west often known as the “Osmond course of”. I additionally learn that in India, forged iron ingots from the crucible had been delivered to a temperature slightly below melting level earlier than turning into forgeable.
In future experiments I hope to make use of this system to decarburize iron ingots to make into solid steel instruments versus the solid knife I made in a earlier video.
Chapters:
00:00 Overview of my customary smelting course of
00:50 Crucible ingot (failure)
02:21 Decarburization by way of rusting (failure)
04:22 Decarburization with out crucible (inconclusive)
05:45 Decarburization with out crucible/forging (success)
07:01 Decarburized and cast iron outcome
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