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0:00 Introduction
1:08 Recap of Einstein’s relativity
2:14 Gravitational redshift
4:46 Time dilation in Interstellar
6:27 One second on Miller’s equals sooner or later on Earth
8:32 The issue with this excessive time dilation
PS: As a result of copyright restrictions, a number of music tracks used on this video needed to be substituted with tracks from the YouTube audio library.
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Script:
We contact upon the basics of this subject from our earlier video, about Einstein’s relativity. You may take a look at the video right here, however simply to offer you a short abstract, we are able to say the next.
Underneath the affect of a robust gravitational discipline, time slows down. So when you’re simply hanging out close to a large object, you’ll expertise the impact of time going slower.
However gravity isn’t the one factor that may warp time. In keeping with one other one in every of Einstein’s theories, particular relativity, time slows down for an object when it strikes. Combining these two ideas collectively, we might take into account this situation.
Suppose that we stroll up a flight of stairs. Our physique is slowly moved away from earth, that means that we are going to expertise time going quicker. However on the identical time, since we aren’t stationary whereas going up, we should always expertise time going slower. So being farther from the pull of Earth’s gravity causes our clock to tick quicker, however shifting “counteracts” this impact. After all, that is all oversimplified.
Let’s take into account two comparable circumstances. We’ve got particular person A, floating close by a large object with quite a lot of gravity. And particular person B, simply casually floating in an empty void of house.
Particular person A shines a inexperienced laser beam towards particular person B. As a result of mild is a type of vibration, the laser beam has a colour that corresponds to 600 trillion vib/s. Now mild can be a type of power, and as that beam of sunshine comes out of that gravity of the huge object, it loses quite a lot of power. This loss signifies that there’s a lower in frequency.
So, by the point that beam of sunshine reaches particular person B, its frequency could have decreased by some issue. That signifies that as an alternative of the inexperienced mild, at 600 trillion vibrations a sec, particular person B will get solely.. let’s say 10 billion vib/s. Which is a microwave radio beam. This phenomenon is named the gravitational redshift.
Particular person wiggles do not simply go anyplace and disappear. Since particular person A creates 600 trillion wiggles each sec, whereas particular person B solely will get 10 billion each second, the one approach this may occur is that if one second on one astronaut’s clock will not be the identical as one second on the opposite astronaut.
In different phrases, it solely takes one sec for particular person A to create these 600 trillion wiggles, however it should take 60,000 seconds, or almost a day, for particular person B to obtain them. So that is what occurs. Our clocks run at wildly completely different charges. And by “clocks” I do not simply imply mechanical or digital units, but additionally organic clocks, like your coronary heart, your lungs, your mind, and so on.
Particular person A takes a breath, takes one other breath, and measures a couple of seconds between the 2. For him, all the things feels regular. Clocks tick the best way they’re presupposed to. Then again particular person B, watching particular person A via a telescope, sees all the things in sluggish movement, with a number of days passing between the 2 breaths.
So now revisiting this scene once more from #Interstellar, you must get a greater understanding as to why Cooper says he would be the identical age as his daughter by the point he comes again from the mission.
In keeping with Einstein’s particular relativity, the higher the acceleration of an object, the slower it should transfer via time. On Earth, the place time is slowed by only some microseconds per day, gravity’s pull is modest. And on the floor of a black gap, time is slowed to a halt, the place the gravity is so humongous that nothing can escape.
Within the film, Miller’s planet is depicted to be current within the warped house, very near a black gap Gargantua. Gravity’s pull on Miller’s planet is gigantic. So if we apply Einstein’s relativity right here, we might know that Miller’s planet would expertise time at a really sluggish charge. However right here on Earth, gravity is at a modest charge. And the gravitational pressure of the solar can be a billion occasions weaker than Gargantua. So folks on Earth “expertise time” quicker than that of the three astronauts on Miller’s planet.
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